青少年校外身体活动的家庭因素影响机制与对策

王启树; 吴尽; 李采丰; 李中华

doi:10.14036/j.cnki.cn11-4513.2025.01.008

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首都体育学院学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1) : 71-80. DOI: 10.14036/j.cnki.cn11-4513.2025.01.008

体育治理与体育产业

青少年校外身体活动的家庭因素影响机制与对策

王启树 ¹ ,
吴尽 ² ,
李采丰 ³ ,
李中华 ⁴

作者信息 +

Study on the Influence Mechanism and Countermeasures of Family Factors on Youth Out-of-School Physical Activity

WANG Qishu ¹ ,
WU jin ² ,
LI Caifeng ³ ,
LI Zhonghua ⁴

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

家庭住址是青少年校外身体活动治理的首要场域，且影响青少年身体活动的家庭因素错综复杂。为了明确青少年校外身体活动的家庭因素，使用质性研究方法对影响青少年校外身体活动的家庭因素的构成及其相互关系进行分析，探索其中的影响机制。运用扎根理论对与青少年校外身体活动相关的核心期刊文献和46名受访者的访谈资料进行探索性分析、演绎、提炼，构建了影响青少年校外身体活动家庭因素模型。经分析发现：家庭因素包括家长认知转化、家庭赋能、家庭体育文化、家庭环境、家庭社会人口学特征，家长认知转化因素是青少年校外身体活动的内驱力，家庭赋能因素与社会人口学特征因素分别是青少年校外身体活动的基础和支撑，家庭体育文化和家庭环境分别是青少年校外身体活动的中介因素和诱导因素。基于此演绎出青少年校外身体活动家庭影响因素的治理框架：家庭赋能作为基础和支撑，纵向整合和横向协同其他各个因素，并通过社会人口学特征因素在其他几个因素间产生核心效应，形成适宜青少年校外身体活动的家庭住宅内外环境与家庭体育文化，通过家长的认知转化对其青少年子女进行体育文化代际熏陶，最终改善青少年的校外身体活动。

Abstract

The home address is the primary site for the governance of adolescents' out-of-school physical activity, and family factors are intricate and complex. To clarify the family factors of adolescents' out-of-school physical activity, the composition of family factors affecting adolescents' out-of-school physical activity and their interrelationships were analyzed by using qualitative research methods to explore the influencing mechanisms. A model of family factors influencing adolescents' out-of-school physical activity was constructed through exploratory analysis, deduction, and refinement of key journal literature related to adolescents' out-of-school physical activity and interview data from 46 respondents using grounded theory. Family factors were found to include parental cognitive transformation, family empowerment, family sport culture, family environment, and family sociodemographic characteristics. Factors of parental cognitive transformation are the internal driving force of youth out-of-school physical activity. Factors of family empowerment factors and socio-demographic characteristics are the foundation and support of youth out-of-school physical activity.Family sport culture and family environment are repectively motivational and mediating facors of youth out-of-school physical activity, respectively. Based on this, the governance framework of family influencing factors of youth out-of-school physical activities is deduced: family empowerment, as the foundation and support, vertically integrates and horizontally coordinates other factors, and through the core effect of factors of social demographic characteristics among other factors, to form a healthy and harmonious family environment and family sport culture suitable for youth out-of-school physical activities, and through the cognitive transformation of parents to form a healthy and harmonious family environment and family sport culture. The improvement of youth out-of-school physical activities will be ultimately achieved.

导出引用

王启树 , 吴尽 , 李采丰 , 等. 青少年校外身体活动的家庭因素影响机制与对策[J]. 首都体育学院学报. 2025, 37(1): 71-80 https://doi.org/10.14036/j.cnki.cn11-4513.2025.01.008

WANG Qishu , WU jin , LI Caifeng , et al. Study on the Influence Mechanism and Countermeasures of Family Factors on Youth Out-of-School Physical Activity[J]. Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports. 2025, 37(1): 71-80 https://doi.org/10.14036/j.cnki.cn11-4513.2025.01.008

中图分类号： G80-051

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基于儿童青少年身体活动行为的社会生态属性,从微观(个性心理与动机差异)、中观(社会及物理支持性环境)和宏观(公共政策与大众传媒)3个维度解读儿童青少年身体活动的影响因素,着重考察社会生态学视域下个人、家庭、学校、社会等各个层面对儿童青少年身体活动行为产生的影响,厘清不同因素与身体活动水平之间直接或间接关系;明确影响因素的识别在儿童青少年身体活动研究中的基础作用,从多个层面来考察不同因素依存关系的现实意义。

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