轻度认知障碍老年人身体活动研究：基于行为流行病学框架的范围综述

李福有; 李华帅; 郭成根; 孙璞

doi:10.14036/j.cnki.cn11-4513.2025.01.010

PDF(1485 KB)

首都体育学院学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1) : 91-104. DOI: 10.14036/j.cnki.cn11-4513.2025.01.010

体育强国与健康中国

轻度认知障碍老年人身体活动研究：基于行为流行病学框架的范围综述

李福有¹, 李华帅¹, 郭成根², 孙璞¹

作者信息 +

Physical Activity Study of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment:A Scoping Review Based on a Behavioral Epidemiology Framework

LI Fuyou¹, LI Huashuai¹, GUO Chenggen², SUN Pu¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

采用范围综述的研究方法,在行为流行病学框架下使用演绎内容分析法对轻度认知障碍老年人身体活动进行归类总结,整体把握相关领域的研究进展。通过对59 篇目标文献进行范围审查发现：尽管有较少文献确定轻度认知障碍老年人身体活动的剂量-效应关系,但有足够的证据表明中等强度以上的身体活动能够改善身心健康,且我国民族传统体育项目显示出较好的干预效果;可穿戴设备和传感器技术能够促进轻度认知障碍老年人的身体活动行为,并为身体活动的测量提供了客观、便捷、有效且多元的数据分析结果,通过分析身体活动的共性特征,可以筛查早期的神经退行性疾病;内在动机作为轻度认知障碍老年人参与身体活动的关键,受个体、行为和环境的多重影响,其中家庭支持是坚持参与身体活动的关键,此外以理论框架为基础探究身体活动影响因素能够使身体活动水平的提高和方案的制订更具说服力;以家庭环境为基础、以社会支持为保障、以理论作为干预方案设计、实施和评估的指导,能够更科学地改变轻度认知障碍老年人的身体活动行为。

Abstract

Using a scoping review within the behavioral epidemiology framework and employing deductive content analysis, this study categorizes and summarizes physical activity in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to comprehensively grasp research progress in the relevant field. A scoping review of 59 targeted articles reveals that although few studies have determined the dose-response relationship of physical activity for elderly individuals with MCI, there is sufficient evidence to indicate that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity can improve both physical and mental health. Additionally, traditional sports activities in China have shown promising intervention effects.The use of wearable devices and sensor technology can promote physical activity behavior, and provide objective, convenient, effective, and diverse data analysis results for measuring physical activity in elderly individuals with MCI. Through in-depth analysis of the common characteristics of physical activity, early neurodegenerative diseases can be screened. Intrinsic motivation, influenced by individual, behavioraland environmental factors, is key for elderly individuals with MCI to engage in physical activity, with family support being crucial for sustained participation.Furthermore, exploring the influencing factors of physical activity based on theoretical frameworks can make the enhancement of physical activity levels and the formulation of intervention programs more persuasive. Interventions that are designed, implemented, and evaluated based on family environment, supported by social backing, and guided by theoretical frameworks can more scientifically alter the physical activity behavior of elderly individuals with MCI.

导出引用

李福有, 李华帅, 郭成根, 孙璞. 轻度认知障碍老年人身体活动研究：基于行为流行病学框架的范围综述[J]. 首都体育学院学报. 2025, 37(1): 91-104 https://doi.org/10.14036/j.cnki.cn11-4513.2025.01.010

LI Fuyou, LI Huashuai, GUO Chenggen, SUN Pu. Physical Activity Study of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment:A Scoping Review Based on a Behavioral Epidemiology Framework[J]. Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports. 2025, 37(1): 91-104 https://doi.org/10.14036/j.cnki.cn11-4513.2025.01.010

中图分类号： G804.2

参考文献

[1] PETERSEN R C, CARACCIOLO B, BRAYNE C, et al. Mild cognitive impairment: A concept in evolution[J]. Journal of Internal Medicine, 2014, 275(3):214-228.
[2] CHENGPING H, DONGHAI Y, XIRONG S, et al. The prevalence and progression of mild cognitive impairment among clinic and community populations: Systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. International Psychogeriatrics, 2017, 29(10): 1595-1608.
[3] JUAN Y, XIAOHUI Z, HAIJING S, et al. High prevalence and low awareness of mild cognitive impairment in a suburban community in shangha[i J]. Neurology India, 2021, 69(6):1693-1700.
[4] WALSH E I, SMITH L, NORTHEY J, et al. Towards an understanding of the physical activity-BDNF-cognition triumvirate: A review of associations and dosage[J]. Ageing Research Reviews, 2020, 60(7): 101044-101055.
[5] ROJASFERNANDEZ C H, CAMERON J C. Is statin-associated cognitive impairment clinically relevant? A narrative review and clinical recommendations[J]. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2012, 46(4): 549-557.
[6] LIVINGSTON G, HUNTLEY J, SOMMERLAD A, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the lancet commission[J]. Lancet, 2020, 396(10248): 413-446.
[7] 陈彦璋, 金晶, 周成林. 身体活动对老年人认知灵活性的影响及其大脑激活特征——基于工作记忆的中介效应[J]. 西安体育学院学报, 2023, 40(4):480-489.
[8] 张宪亮, 杜黎涛, 陈斯, 等. 老年女性体质健康促进:基于模式与组合的身体活动建议[J]. 体育科学, 2023, 43(1): 34-40, 49.
[9] GIBBS B B, BRACH J S, BYARD T, et al. Reducing sedentary behavior versus increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity in older adults: A 12-week randomized, clinical tria[l J]. Journal of Aging and Health, 2017, 29(2): 247-267.
[10] NAWROCKA A, POLECHONSKI J, GARBACIAK W, et al. Functional fitness and quality of life among women over 60 years of age depending on their level of objectively measured physical activity[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019, 16(6): 972-982.
[11] VANCAMPFORT D, STUBBS B, LARA E, et al. Mild cognitive impairment and physical activity in the general population: Findings from six low-and middle-income countries[J]. Experimental Gerontology, 2017, 100(12):100-105.
[12] VANCAMPFORT D, LARA E, STUBBS B, et al. Physical activity correlates in people with mild cognitive impairment: Findings from six low and middle income countries[J]. Public Health, 2018, 156(3):15-25.
[13] XINYA L, YIHUA J, WENJIA P, et al. Association between physical activity and mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults: Depression as a mediator[J]. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2022, 14(9):964886-964896.
[14] DAN S, YU D S F. Effects of a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme on the cognitive function and quality of life of community-dwelling elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: A randomised controlled trial[J]. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2019, 93(5): 97-105.
[15] AHN S, COBB S J, CROUTER S E, et al. Physical activity together for couples living with mild cognitive impairment (PAT-MCI): A feasibility study[J]. Geriatric Nursing, 2023, 55(1): 221-228.
[16] MONTERO O M, SPEECHLEY M. Falls in cognitively impaired older adults: Implications for risk assessment and prevention[J]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2018, 66(2):367-375.
[17] YIPING C, LIYUAN H, YAO L, et al. Barriers and motivators to promotion of physical activity participation for older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: An umbrella review[J]. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2023, 143(7): 104493-104509.
[18] 郭成根, 孙璞, 陈奥娜. 运动对轻度认知障碍老年人认知功能干预效果的元分析[J]. 首都体育学院学报, 2022, 34(4):373-383.
[19] XIUXIU H, XIAOYAN Z, BEI L, et al. Comparative efficacy of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2022, 11(2):212-223.
[20] SALLIS J F, OWEN N, FOTHERINGHAM M J. Behavioral epidemiology: A systematic framework to classify phases of research on health promotion and disease prevention[J]. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 2000, 22(4):294-298.
[21] 齐静, 许瑾瑜, 邵伟德. 视力障碍儿童青少年身体活动研究进展——基于 1981—2021 年中英文文献的范围综述[J]. 上海体育学院学报, 2022, 46(3):26-38.
[22] GRANT M J, BOOTH A. A typology of reviews: An analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies[J]. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 2009, 26(2):91-108.
[23] ARKSEY H, O'MALLEY L. Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework[J]. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2005, 8(1):19-32.
[24] World Health Oranganization. The world health report 2002[R]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002:61-62.
[25] 江虹, 朱跃平, 杨杨, 等. 叠杯运动训练对老年轻度认知障碍患者的干预作用研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2023, 38(6): 23-26.
[26] 尹丽琴, 汤长发, 罗伟强, 等. 多模式运动对轻度认知功能障碍老年人认知功能、神经营养因子及全脑体积的影响[J]. 中国体育科技, 2023, 59(3):50-57.
[27] 尹丽琴, 汤长发, 罗伟强, 等. 多模式运动对轻度认知功能障碍老年人认知功能和神经可塑性的影响[J]. 体育科学, 2022, 42(1):78-87, 97.
[28] 刘梦姣, 曾慧, 王晓松, 等. 多模式运动训练对改善轻度认知功能障碍老年人躯体、认知功能的效果[J]. 解放军护理杂志, 2017, 34(9):23-27.
[29] 张弘, 魏晓霏, 刘从勇, 等. 简单反应速度训练对轻度认知障碍老年人执行功能的影响[J]. 康复学报, 2021, 31(2): 151-156, 161.
[30] 陈悦, 刘化侠, 姜文静, 等. 社区轻度认知功能障碍老年人手指操锻炼效果研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2016, 31(17): 90-92, 96.
[31] 朱玲玲, 绳宇, 常红, 等. 双重任务训练对改善血管性轻度认知障碍老年人步态和平衡功能的效果[J]. 中国护理管理, 2021, 21(11):1660-1665.
[32] 王乾贝, 绳宇. 太极拳对轻度认知障碍患者认知功能影响的时间效应分析[J]. 护理管理杂志, 2019, 19(2):141-145.
[33] 王乾贝, 绳宇. 太极拳对轻度认知障碍老年人记忆力和执行功能的影响[J]. 山东体育学院学报, 2016, 32(3):68-72.
[34] 王乾贝, 绳宇. 太极拳运动对社区轻度认知障碍老年人认知功能的影响[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2016, 22(6): 645-649.
[35] 王英伟, 李秀东, 毕雪晶, 等. 有氧体操运动对社区轻度认知障碍老年人认知功能的影响[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2019, 39(4):848-850.
[36] 宋艳丽, 刘伟. 有氧运动操对养老机构轻度认知障碍老人的干预[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2019, 39(13):3176-3178.
[37] RUI X, PINGTING Q, HUIYING L, et al. The effect of traditional chinese mind-body exercise (Baduanjin) and brisk walking on the dorsal attention network in older adults with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2019, 10(9): 2075-2083.
[38] TORTOSA M J, BELTRAN C V J, CAUS N, et al. Psychosocial benefits of exercise for older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Innovative practice[J]. Dementia, 2020, 19(2):518-527.
[39] JURAKIC Z G, KRIZANIC V, SARABON N, et al. Effects of feedback-based balance and core resistance training vs. pilates training on cognitive functions in older women with mild cognitive impairment: A pilot randomized controlled trial[J]. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 2017, 29(6): 1295-1298.
[40] RIVAS C Y, AIBAR A A, RODRIGUEZ L C, et al. Enhancing cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment through high-intensity functional training: A single-blind randomized controlled trial[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2023, 12(12):4049-4060.
[41] OKUYAN C B, DEVECI E. The effectiveness of Tai Chi Chuan on fear of movement, prevention of falls, physical activity, and cognitive status in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial[J]. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 2020, 57(3):1273-1281.
[42] HARWOOD R H, GOLDBERG S E, BRAND A, et al. Promoting activity, independence, and stability in early dementia and mild cognitive impairment (PrAISED): Randomised controlled tria[l J]. BMJ, 2023, 382(8):1-15.
[43] BADEMLI K, LOK N, CANBAZ M, et al. Effects of physical activity program on cognitive function and sleep quality in elderly with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial[J]. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 2019, 55(3):401-408.
[44] GUOHUA Z, MAOMAO H, SHUZHEN L, et al. Effect of baduanjin exercise on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Study protocol for a randomised controlled tria[l J]. BMJ Open, 2016, 6(4):1-10.
[45] LANGONI C D, RESENDE T D, BARCELLOS A B, et al. Effect of exercise on cognition, conditioning, muscle endurance, and balance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial[J]. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 2019, 42(2):15-22.
[46] WONJAE C, SEUNGWON L. Ground kayak paddling exercise improves postural balance, muscle performance, and cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial[J]. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 2018, 24(6):3909-3915.
[47] XIUHONG W, LILI J. Effect of handball training on cognitive ability in elderly with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Neuroscience Letters, 2014, 566(4):98-101.
[48] MAKIZAKO H, LIU A T, SHIMADA H, et al. Moderate-intensity physical activity, hippocampal volume, and memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment[J]. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2015, 70(4):480-486.
[49] YOGEV S G, EISENSTEIN T, ASH E, et al. Neurocognitive plasticity is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness following physical exercise in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment[J]. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2021, 81(1): 91-112.
[50] TALAMONTI D, GAGNON C, VINCENT T, et al. Exploring cognitive and brain oxygenation changes over a 1-year period in physically active individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A longitudinal fNIRS pilot study[J]. BMC Geriatrics, 2022, 22(1):648-660.
[51] JUAN T, ANGELA C, NURIA C, et al. Exercise increases the dynamics of diurnal cortisol secretion and executive function in people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment[J]. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 2015, 23(4):550-558.
[52] HSIAO C C, LIN C C, CHENG C G, et al. Self-reported beneficial effects of Chinese calligraphy handwriting training for individuals with mild cognitive impairment: An exploratory study[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, 20(2):1031-1040.
[53] LAZAROU I, PARASTATIDIS T, TSOLAKI A, et al. International ballroom dancing against neurodegeneration: A randomized controlled trial in greek community-dwelling elders with mild cognitive impairment[J]. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias, 2017, 32(8): 489-499.
[54] JIN Y K, KYUNG D H, SEOK M B, et al. Association between physical activity and conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia[J]. Alzheimer’s Research Therapy, 2020, 12(1):136-143.
[55] TENBRINKE L F, BOLANDZADEH N, NAGAMATSU L S, et al. Aerobic exercise increases hippocampal volume in older women with probable mild cognitive impairment: A 6-month randomised controlled trial[J]. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015, 49(4):248-254.
[56] FUZHOU L, PETER H, ELIZABETH E, et al. Clinical effectiveness of cognitively enhanced Tai Ji Quan training on global cognition and dual-task performance during walking in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or self-reported memory concerns: A randomized controlled trial[J]. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2023, 176(11):1498-1507.
[57] TSAI C L, UKROPEC J, UKROPCOVA B, et al. An acute bout of aerobic or strength exercise specifically modifies circulating exerkine levels and neurocognitive functions in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Neuro Image: Clinical, 2018, 17(3):272-284.
[58] ALFINI J A, WEISS R L, NIELSON A K, et al. Resting cerebral blood flow after exercise training in mild cognitive impairment[J]. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2019, 67(2):671-684.
[59] SIU M, LEE D T F. Is Tai Chi an effective intervention for enhancing health-related quality of life in older people with mild cognitive impairment? An interventional study[J]. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 2021, 16(5):1-10.
[60] DOI T, MAKIZAKO H, SHIMADA H, et al. Objectively measured physical activity, brain atrophy, and white matter lesions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Experimental Gerontology, 2015, 62(2):1-6.
[61] VANDERWARDT V, HANCOX J E, BURGON C, et al. Measuring physical activity levels in people with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia[J]. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 2020, 29(1):10-16.
[62] RAWTAER I, MAHENDRAN R, KUA E H, et al. Early detection of mild cognitive impairment with in-home sensors to monitor behavior patterns in community-dwelling senior citizens in singapore: cross-sectional feasibility study[J]. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2020, 22(5):1-10.
[63] RACKOLL T, NEUMANN K, PASSMANN S, et al. Applying time series analyses on continuous accelerometry data—A clinical example in older adults with and without cognitive impairment[J]. Plos One, 2021, 16(5):1-14.
[64] GALVIN J E, TOLEA M I, ROSENFELD A, et al. The quick physical activity rating (QPAR) scale: A brief assessment of physical activity in older adults with and without cognitive impairmen[t J]. Plos One, 2020, 15(10):1-18.
[65] HAYES T L, ABENDROTH F, ADAMI A, et al. Unobtrusive assessment of activity patterns associated with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 2008, 4(6):395-405.
[66] HANCOX J E, VANDERWARDT V, POLLOCK K, et al. Factors influencing adherence to home-based strength and balance exercises among older adults with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia: Promoting activity, independence and stability in early dementia ( PrAISED )[J]. Plos One, 2019, 14(5):1-19.
[67] HOBSON N, DUPUIS S L, GIANGREGORIO L M, et al. Perceived facilitators and barriers to exercise among older adults with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia[J]. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 2020, 28(2):208-218.
[68] BRUDERER H M, SIKKES S A M, MUENZER T, et al. Development of a model on factors affecting instrumental activities of daily living in people with mild cognitive impairment -a delphi study[J]. BMC Neurology, 2020, 20(1):264-278.
[69] BARTLEY M M, SAUVER J L S, BAER B H, et al. Exploring social determinants of health and physical activity levels in older adults living with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in the upper midwest of the united states[J]. Preventive Medicine, 2023, 177(12):107773-107782.
[70] SHUO W, HUIRU Y, QIUYAN M, et al. Experiences of nursing home-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment participating in a chinese square dancing program: A qualitative study[J]. Geriatric Nursing, 2021, 42(2):405-411.
[71] ROVNER B W, CASTEN R J, LEIBY B E. Determinants of activity levels in african Americans with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 2016, 30(1):41-46.
[72] TAK E C P M, VAN UFFELEN J G Z, PAW M J M C A, et al. Adherence to exercise programs and determinants of maintenance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 2012, 20(1):32-46.
[73] BRUDERER H M, GORUS E, CORNELIS E, et al. Influencing factors on instrumental activities of daily living functioning in people with mild cognitive disorder-a secondary investigation of cross-sectional data[J]. BMC Geriatrics, 2022, 22(1):791-804.
[74] BECHARD L E, BEATON D, MCGILTON K S, et al. Physical activity perceptions, experiences, and beliefs of older adults with mild cognitive impairment or alzheimer's disease and their care partners[J]. Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 2020, 45(11):1216-1224.
[75] ECKERT T, BONGARTZ M, ULLRICH P, et al. Promoting physical activity in geriatric patients with cognitive impairment after discharge from ward-rehabilitation: A feasibility study[J]. European Journal of Ageing, 2020, 17(3):309-320.
[76] LOGSDON R G, MCCURRY S M, PIKE K C, et al. Making physical activity accessible to older adults with memory loss: A feasibility study[J]. The Gerontologist, 2009, 49(6):94-99.
[77] BONGARTZ M, KISS R, ULLRICH P, et al. Development of a home-based training program for post-ward geriatric rehabilitation patients with cognitive impairment: Study protocol of a randomized-controlled trail[J]. BMC Geriatrics, 2017, 17(9): 214-223.
[78] ULLRICH P, WERNER C, SCHOENSTEIN A, et al. Effects of a home-based physical training and activity promotion program in community-dwelling older persons with cognitive impairment after discharge from rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial[J]. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2022, 77(12):2435-2444.
[79] YOU E, ELLIS K A, COX K, et al. Targeted physical activity for older adults with mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline[J]. The Medical Journal of Australia, 2019, 210(9):394-395.
[80] ROYALL D R, PALMER R F. Getting past“g”: Testing a new model of dementing processes in persons without dementia[J]. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2012, 24(1): 37-46.
[81] SMITH P J, BLUMENTHAL J A, HOFFMAN B M, et al. Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: A meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials[J]. Psychosomatic Medicine, 2010, 72(3):239-252.
[82] CHENG S T, CHOW P K, SONG Y Q, et al. Mental and physical activities delay cognitive decline in older persons with dementia[J]. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2014, 22(1):63-74.
[83] MAHAR I, BAMBICO R F, MECHAWAR N, et al. Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis in relation to depression and antidepressant effects[J]. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2014, 38(1):173-192.
[84] KINCHESKI G C, VALENTIM I S, CLARKE J R, et al. Chronic sleep restriction promotes brain inflammation and synapse loss, and potentiates memory impairment induced by amyloid-β oligomers in mice[J]. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2017, 64(8):140-151.
[85] DAN S, POLLY W C, DORIS S F. The association between depression and mild cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional study[J]. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2018, 33(4):672-674.
[86] SHI L, CHEN S J, MA M Y, et al. Sleep disturbances increase the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2018, 40(8):4-16.
[87] PEDISIC Z. Measurement issues and poor adjustments for physical activity and sleep undermine sedentary behaviour research: The focus should shift to the balance between sleep, sedentary behaviour, standing and activity[J]. Kinesiology (Zagreb), 2014, 46(1):135-146.
[88] CRAIG C L, MARSHALL A L, SJÖSTRÖM M, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity[J]. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2003, 35(8):1396-1400.
[89] MCARDLE R, JABBAR K A, DELDIN S, et al. Using digital technology to quantify habitual physical activity in community dwellers with cognitive impairment: Systematic review[J]. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2023, 25(5):1-17.
[90] BANDURA A. Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory[M]. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1986:1-21.
[91] 任海. 身体素养:一个统领当代体育改革与发展的理念[J]. 体育科学, 2018, 38(3):3-11.