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运动强度和任务难度对定向运动员识图决策的影响——来自fNIRS的证据
胡芳芳, 张文, 赵明生, 刘阳
首都体育学院学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1) : 105-115.
PDF(2123 KB)
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运动强度和任务难度对定向运动员识图决策的影响——来自fNIRS的证据
Influence of Exercise Intensity and Task Difficulty on Image Recognition Decisions of Orienteers: Evidence from fNIRS
目的：探究运动强度和任务难度对不同水平定向运动员识图决策行为绩效和脑神经活动的影响。方法：采用2（运动水平：专家、新手）×2（运动强度：静息态、高强度）×2（任务难度：简单地图、复杂地图）的三因素混合实验设计，使用功能性近红外光谱技术（fNIRS）测量定向运动员在不同条件下识图决策任务的大脑前额叶皮层（PFC）的含氧血红蛋白（Oxy-Hb）浓度变化。结果：1）识图决策正确率随任务难度和运动强度的增加而显著降低，专家组显著高于新手组。2）不同水平定向运动员在左背外侧前额叶（L-DLPFC）、左腹外侧前额叶（L-VLPFC）脑区的Oxy-Hb激活存在显著差异，专家组显著低于新手组；除左侧额极区（L-FOA）外，其余脑区Oxy-Hb激活均受到运动强度的影响，表现出高强度显著低于静息态；随着任务难度的改变，左背外侧前额叶（L-DLPFC）脑区的Oxy-Hb激活增强，复杂地图显著大于简单地图。3）专家组在复杂地图静息态下，L-DLPFC的血氧激活程度与正确率显著正相关；新手组在简单地图静息态下，L-DLPFC、R-VLPFC血氧激活程度与正确率均显著正相关。结论：定向运动的识图决策任务受运动强度、任务难度的制约，专家运动员具有认知优势，表现出较高的任务绩效和前额叶皮层相关脑区更低的血氧激活；任务难度造成L-DLPFC的特异性激活，在高强度下大脑血氧激活模式也发生改变。这对于优化运动员训练策略、提升竞技水平及推动运动领域认知决策研究具有重要意义。
Objective:To explore the influence of exercise intensities and different task difficulties on the image recognition and decision-making of orienteering athletes with different levels. Method: Adopting 2 (exercise level: expert, novice) ×2 (exercise intensities:resting-state,high intensity) ×2 (exercise difficulties:simple map,complex map). In the three-factor mixed experimental design, near-infrared functional imaging (fNIRS) was used to measure the concentration of Oxy-Hb in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of oriented-athletes during the mapping decision task. Results: 1) The accuracy of image recognition decision decreased significantly with the increase of task difficulty and exercise intensity; the expert group was significantly higher than the novice group, and the resting-state group was significantly higher than the high-intensity group. 2) Oxy-Hb activation in left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (L-DLPFC) and left ventrolateral prefrontal lobe (L-VLPFC) showed group differences, and the expert group was significantly lower than the novice group. With the exceptionof the left frontal polar region (L-FOA), Oxy-Hb activation in the remaining brain regions was affected by exercise intensity, showing a high intensity significantly lower than the resting state. With the change of task difficulty, Oxy-Hb activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (L-DLPFC) was enhanced, which was significantly greater than that in simple maps under complex map conditions. 3)In the resting state of a complex map, the blood oxygen activation level of L-DLPFC is significantly positively correlated with accuracy in the expert group. In the resting state of a simple map, the blood oxygen activation levels of L-DLPFC and R-VLPFC are both significantly positively correlated with accuracy in the novice group.Conclusion: The map-reading decision-making task in orienteering is constrained by the intensity of exercise and the difficulty of the task. Expert athletes have certain cognitive advantages, demonstrating higher task performance and lower blood oxygen activation in relevant brain regions of the prefrontal cortex. Task difficulty results in specific activation of L-DLPFC, and the brain’s blood oxygen activation pattern also changes under high intensity.This research is of great significance for optimizing athletes’training strategies, improving competitive performance, and promoting the development of cognitive decision-making in sports.
定向运动 / 识图决策 / 运动强度 / 近红外光谱功能成像技术
orienteering / image recognition decision / exercise intensity / fNIRS
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