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联合优于单独：信息干预对大学生锻炼意愿和行为的促进
Jointly Better than Individually: the Promotion of Exercise Intentions and Behaviors in College Students by an Informational Intervention
目的：通过单次干预和长期干预2个子实验，探讨不同信息框架干预对大学生锻炼意愿和行为的影响。方法：实验1选取大学生102名，对被试进行4（信息框架：正性、负性、联合、对照）×2（信息注意偏好：正性、负性）的设计，评估锻炼意愿在信息干预前后的变化。实验2选取大学生52名，采用2（组别：信息干预、对照）×5（干预周期：基线、6周、8周、10周和12周）混合实验设计，明确干预周期与锻炼行为之间的量效关系。结果：单次锻炼相关的信息干预能增强大学生锻炼意愿，且正负性联合信息干预的效果最佳，信息注意偏好未能调节信息干预对锻炼意愿的影响，锻炼风险认知在信息干预与锻炼意愿之间起到部分中介作用。长期联合信息干预对大学生锻炼行为量有显著的改善效果，6周的干预已能达到最优效果。结论：对大学生进行锻炼意愿和行为的信息干预时，可以首选正负性联合信息进行干预，同时适度提高大学生锻炼风险认知水平，对其锻炼意愿也有较好的预测作用。在联合信息干预周期剂量选择上，每周3次、6周的联合信息干预即能较好地促进大学生的锻炼行为。
Objective:The effects of different message-framed interventions on college students' exercise intentions and behaviors were explored through two sub-experiments, a single and a long-term intervention. Methods:Experiment 1 selected 102 college students and used a 4 (information frames: positive, negative, joint, control) × 2 (preference of information attention: positive, negative) between-subjects design to assess changes in exercise intentions before and after the information intervention. Experiment 2 selected 52 university students and used a 2 (group: information intervention, control) × 5 (intervention period: baseline, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks) mixed experimental design to clarify the quantitative and qualitative relationships between intervention period and exercise behaviors. Results:A single exercise-related information intervention enhanced college students'exercise intentions, and the positive and negative combined information interventions were the most effective, preference of information attention failed to modulate the effect of the information intervention on exercise intentions, and perceptions of exercise risk partially mediated the relationship between the information intervention and exercise intentions. The long-term joint information intervention had a significant improvement effect on the amount of exercise behaviors of college students, and the 6-week intervention had been able to achieve the optimal effect. Conclusion: Positive and negative jointed information can be preferred for the information intervention on exercise intentions and behaviors, and at the same time, moderately improving the level of perceptions exercise risk among college students also has a better predictive effect on their exercise intentions. In the selection of the cycle dose of jointed information intervention, three times a week for six weeks can better promote the exercise behaviors of college students.
信息框架 / 信息干预 / 风险认知 / 锻炼意愿 / 锻炼行为
information framework / information interventions / perceived risks / exercise intentions / exercise behaviors
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