破解体育优质均衡发展难题，切实提高学生体质健康水平，是当前和今后一个时期学校体育改革的核心课题。采用文献研究法、逻辑分析法和文本分析法，以《关于进一步加强新时代中小学体育工作的若干措施》政策精神为切入点，系统梳理了新时代中小学体育工作的新进展和主要问题。研究后认为，近年来，我国学校体育顶层设计不断完善，办学条件持续改善，师资队伍持续建设，课程改革和体育活动不断推进，学生体质健康水平稳步提升，体教融合及家校社协同机制日益健全，学校体育整体发展呈现良好态势。然而，区域发展不均衡、健康理念落实不到位、体育锻炼时间保障不充分、教学内容多样化不足、学校体育评价刚性不足和牵引力不强、家校社协同推进不力等问题依然突出。未来应全面实施学生体质强健计划、逐步增加体育锻炼时长、提升体育锻炼质量和效果、广泛开展体育赛事活动、完善学生体质监测评价、加强体育工作条件保障。

Addressing the challenge of quality and balanced development of physical education in primary and secondary schools and effectively improving students’physical fitness are central issues in the ongoing reform of physical education in China. Employing literature review, logical analysis, and textual analysis methods, this paper takes the policy of the“Several Measures on Further Strengthening Physical Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in the New Era”as the entry point, and systematically reviews the progress, problems, and development of physical education in Chinese primary and secondary schools in recent years. The findings indicate that China’s school physical education has seen continuous improvement in top-level design, strengthened school conditions and teaching staff, ongoing curriculum reform and sports activities, steady enhancement of students’physical fitness, and increasing integration of sports and education as well as improved home-school-community collaboration mechanisms. However, prominent challenges remain, such as regional disparities, inadequate implementation of the“health first” concept, insufficient guarantee of physical activity time, lack of diversification in teaching content, weak enforcement and insufficient traction in school sports evaluation, and limited effectiveness of home-school-community collaboration. Moving forward, it is recommended to fully implement student physical fitness enhancement programs, gradually increase physical activity time, improve the quality and effectiveness of physical activity, widely organize sports events, enhance physical fitness monitoring and evaluation, and strengthen the supportive resource for physical education in schools.