在“十五五”时期全面推进体育强国建设的背景下，奥运争光计划作为我国竞技体育发展的关键制度安排，迫切需要在系统审视其实行逻辑与现实矛盾的基础上，探索优化适应新时代要求的实施路径。运用文献研究法、逻辑分析法和历史分析法，立足我国竞技体育发展的阶段性特征，对奥运争光计划的实行逻辑、现实矛盾及优化路径进行分析。经分析认为，奥运争光计划从1995年实施以来，逐步引导形成了以奥运会备战任务为牵引、以优势项目巩固为基础、以后备人才持续培养为纽带、以竞技体育资源提质增效为核心、以国家统筹为主导的奥运项目体系，在提升我国竞技体育综合实力和国际竞争力方面发挥了重要作用。但是在新发展阶段，前一阶段的奥运争光计划在实施过程中显现出多个方面的现实矛盾。因此，应围绕体育强国建设目标，进一步完善奥运争光计划的目标体系及其实施机制，优化奥运项目布局，夯实奥运项目后备人才培养基础，提升发展奥运项目的资源分配效能，推动多元主体协同治理奥运项目，不断增强我国竞技体育持续为国争光的能力和进一步提高其高质量发展水平。

Under the background of promoting the construction of sports powerhouse in an all-round way during the Fifteenth Five-Year Plan period, the Olympic Grory Planas a key institutional arrangement for the development of competitive sports in China, urgently needs to explore optimized implementation pathways that meet the requirements of the new era on the basis of systematically examining its implementation logic and realistic contradictions. By using the methods of literature research, logical analysis and historical analysis, based on the stage characteristics of the development of competitive sports in China, this paper analyzes the implementation logic, realistic contradictions and optimization pathways of the Olympic Glory Plan.According to the research, since the implementation of the Olympic Glory Plan in 1995, it has gradually guided the formation of an Olympic project system, which is guided by the task of preparing for the Olympic Games, based on the consolidation of superior projects, linked by the continuous training of reserve talents, centered on improving the quality and efficiency of competitive sports resources, and led by the overall planning of the country. It has played an important role in enhancing the comprehensive strength and international competitiveness of China’s competitive sports. However, in the new development stage of the Fifteenth Five-Year Plan period, the implementation of the Olympic Glory Plan in the previous stage shows many practical contradictions.Therefore, we should focus on the goal of building a strong sports country, further improve the target system and implementation mechanism of the Olympic Glory Plan, optimize the layout of Olympic events, consolidate the training foundation of reserve talents for Olympic events, enhance the efficiency of resource allocation for the development of Olympic events, promote the coordinated management of Olympic projects by multiple subjects, and strive to achieve the goal. Continuously enhance the ability of China’s competitive sports to continue to win glory for the country and improve its high-quality development level.