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身体活动改善儿童青少年抑郁的精准剂量响应：贝叶斯元分析
Precise Dose-Response Relationship of Physical Activity in Alleviating Depression Among Children and Adolescents: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis
目的：系统量化身体活动对抑郁儿童青少年症状的剂量-效应关系，为明确最优干预剂量区间，制定科学、个体化的运动干预策略提供理论依据与实践参考。方法：对国内外数据库进行系统检索，检索时间从数据库建立至2025年9月20日，依据PRISMA流程筛选文献，最终纳入符合标准的文献46篇，共计4 143名受试者，使用R 4.4.3进行贝叶斯元分析、发表偏倚检验、亚组分析、回归分析及剂量-效应分析。结果：身体活动可显著改善儿童青少年的抑郁水平（Hedges’g=-0.46，95%CrI [-0.51, -0.41]）；亚组分析发现：团队运动（Hedges’g=-0.59）、中等强度（Hedges’g=-0.56）、每周5~7次（Hedges’g=-0.44）、每次30~60 min（Hedges’g=-0.57）、持续8~12周（Hedges’g=-0.72）的干预效果更为显著；剂量-效应分析得到：身体活动对儿童青少年抑郁症状改善呈现显著的非线性关系，最佳干预剂量为820 MET·min/周（Hedges’g=-0.90），推荐剂量区间为520~1 180 MET·min/周。结论：身体活动干预可显著改善儿童青少年抑郁症状，其干预效应呈“U型”非线性剂量-效应关系；结构化方案以中等强度团队运动为主，每周5~7次、每次30~60 min、持续8~12周，约520-1 180 MET·min/周可能获得最优干预效果，但具体方案仍需根据个体体质与情绪特征进行个体化调整。
Objective: This study aimed to systematically quantify the dose-response relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents, identify the optimal intervention dose range, and provide both theoretical and practical guidance for developing evidence-based, individualized exercise strategies. Methods: A systematic search of international and Chinese databases was conducted from database inception to September 20, 2025. Studies were screened in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 46 eligible studies involving 4,143 participants were included. Bayesian meta-analysis, publication bias assessment, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and dose-response analyses were performed using R 4.4.3. Results: Physical activity significantly reduced depressive symptoms in children and adolescents (Hedges’ g=-0.46, 95% CrI [-0.51, -0.41]). Subgroup analyses indicated stronger effects for team-based activities (Hedges’ g=-0.59), moderate intensity (Hedges’ g=-0.56), frequency 5-7 sessions per week (Hedges’ g=-0.44), session duration of 30-60 minutes (Hedges’ g=-0.57), and intervention periods of 8-12 weeks (Hedges’ g=-0.72). Dose-response analysis revealed a significant nonlinear association between physical activity and improvements in depressive symptoms, with an optimal dose of 820 METs·min/week (Hedges’ g=-0.90) and a recommended dose range of 520-1180 METs·min/week. Conclusion: Physical activity interventions can significantly alleviate depressive symptoms in children and adolescents, with effects following a U-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship. Structured programs emphasizing moderate-intensity team-based activities, conducted 5-7 times per week for 30-60 minutes per session over 8-12 weeks, within a recommended dose range of 520-1 180 MET·min/week， may yield optimal benefits, with approximately 820 MET·min/week representing the optimal intervention dose. However, specific intervention protocols should be individually tailored according to participants’ physical condition and emotional characteristics.
身体活动 / 贝叶斯元分析 / 儿童青少年 / 抑郁 / 精准剂量响应
physical activity / Bayesian meta-analysis / children and adolescents / depression / precision dose-response
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Depression is a leading cause of disability. The timing and persistence of depression may be differentially associated with long-term mental health and psychosocial outcomes.
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Mental health conditions represent one of the major groups of non-transmissible diseases. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) have been shown to affect mental health outcomes in opposite directions. In this study, we use accelerometery-derived measures of PA and ST from the UK Biobank (UKB) and depression, anxiety and well-being data from the UKB mental health questionnaire as well as published summary statistics to explore the causal associations between these phenotypes.We used MRlap to test if objectively measured PA and ST associate with mental health outcomes using UKB data and summary statistics from published genome-wide association studies. We also tested for bidirectional associations. We performed sex stratified as well as sensitivity analyses.Genetically instrumented higher PA was associated with lower odds of depression (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97) and depression severity (beta = - 0.11; 95% CI: - 0.18, - 0.04), Genetically instrumented higher ST was associated higher odds of anxiety (OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.10, 4.60). PA was associated with higher well-being (beta = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.04; 0.18) and ST with lower well-being (beta = - 0.18; 95% CI: - 0.32, - 0.03). Similar findings were observed when stratifying by sex. There was evidence for a bidirectional relationship, with higher genetic liability to depression associated with lower PA (beta = - 0.25, 95% CI: - 0.42; - 0.08) and higher well-being associated with higher PA (beta = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.25).We have demonstrated the bidirectional effects of both PA and ST on a range of mental health outcomes using objectively measured predictors and MR methods for causal inference. Our findings support a causal role for PA and ST in the development of mental health problems and in affecting well-being.© 2023. The Author(s).
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To test the dose-response effects of an exercise program on depressive symptoms and self-worth in children.Overweight, sedentary children (N = 207, 7-11 years, 58% male, 59% Black) were randomly assigned to low or high dose (20 or 40 min/day) aerobic exercise programs (13 +/- 1.6 weeks), or control group. Children completed the Reynolds Child Depression Scale and Self-Perception Profile for Children at baseline and posttest.A dose-response benefit of exercise was detected for depressive symptoms. A race x group interaction showed only White children's global self-worth (GSW) improved. There was some evidence that increased self-worth mediated the effect on depressive symptoms.This study shows dose-response benefits of exercise on depressive symptoms and self-worth in children. However, Blacks did not show increased GSW in response to the intervention. Results provide some support for mediation of the effect of exercise on depressive symptoms via self-worth.
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Overweight children are at risk for poor quality of life (QOL), depression, self-worth, and behavior problems. Exercise trials with children have shown improved mood and self-worth. Few studies utilized an attention control condition, QOL outcomes, or a follow-up evaluation after the intervention ends. The purpose is to test effects of an exercise program versus sedentary program on psychological factors in overweight children. One hundred seventy-five overweight children (87% black, 61% female, age 9.7 ± 0.9 years, 73% obese) were randomized to an 8 month aerobic exercise or sedentary after-school program. Depressive symptoms, anger expression, self-worth, and QOL were measured at baseline and post-test. Depressive symptoms and QOL were also measured at follow-up. Intent-to-treat mixed models evaluated intervention effects, including sex differences. At post-test, QOL, depression, and self-worth improved; no group by time or sex by group by time interaction was detected for QOL or self-worth. Boys' depressive symptoms improved more and anger control decreased in the sedentary intervention relative to the exercise intervention at post-test. At follow-up, depressive symptoms in boys in the sedentary group decreased more than other groups. Exercise provided benefits to QOL, depressive symptoms, and self-worth comparable to a sedentary program. Sedentary programs with games and artistic activities, interaction with adults and peers, and behavioral structure may be more beneficial to boys' mood than exercise. Some benefits of exercise in prior studies are probably attributable to program elements such as attention from adults. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02227095.© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2019. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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目的 探究与分析有氧运动辅助康复技能训练在青少年情绪障碍患者中的应用。方法 选取本院门诊自2021年11月～2022年10月收治的青少年情绪障碍患者80例作为研究对象，采取随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组，每组各40例，对照组给予康复技能训练，观察组加用有氧运动功能辅助康复技能训练，对比两组患者实施不同康复训练前后的汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分、大体评定量表（GAS）评分。将观察组按照不同的运动强度分为A组、B组、C组、D组及E组，每组各8例，对比五组患者HAMD、HAMA及GAS评分。正态计量资料采用 t 检验。结果 康复训练后观察组与对照组相比，HAMD评分显著更低、HAMA评分显著更低、GAS评分显著更高（P＜0.05）。E组分别与A组、B组、C组及D组相比，HAMD、HAMA评分显著更高，GAS评分显著更低（P＜0.05）。C组、D组分别与A组、B组相比，HAMD评分显著更低、HAMA评分显著更低、GAS评分显著更高，D组与C组，B组与A组分别相比，HAMD评分显著更低、HAMA评分显著更低、GAS评分显著更高（P＜0.05）。结论 有氧运动辅助康复技能训练应用在青少年情绪障碍中，可更好地促进缓解患者焦虑及抑郁情绪，青少年精神障碍得到有效改善，其中以5次/周高强度有氧运动的效果最为显著。
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孙长艳, 彭慧. 舞动疗愈联合心理护理对青少年抑郁患者应对方式及睡眠的影响[J]. 心理月刊, 2024, 19(24): 100-102.
目的 分析舞动疗愈联合心理护理对青少年抑郁患者应对方式及睡眠的影响。方法 纳入抑郁患者90例，于2023年6月～2024年4月入院，将符合纳排标准的90例样本，以随机数字表法进行分组。对照组（n＝45）、观察组（n＝45）分别给予单一心理护理及联合舞动疗愈，两组均干预3个疗程。通过比较患者于干预前、干预两周后的应对方式、抑郁情绪、睡眠质量，评估舞动疗愈联合心理护理对青少年抑郁患者应对方式及睡眠的干预效果。结果 患者组间对比应对方式可知，干预前对比无意义（P＞0.05），两周干预后，与对照组相比，观察组积极应对维度评分高、消极应对维度评分低（P＜0.05）；抑郁情绪比较，其中干预两周后，观察组9项患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）评分改善程度优于对照组（P＜0.05）；在睡眠质量中，干预两周后，观察组阿森斯失眠量表（AIS）评分较对照组低（P＜0.05）。结论 舞动疗愈联合心理护理对青少年抑郁患者的应对方式及睡眠改善作用显著。
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Assessment of the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is common practice in systematic reviews. However, the reliability of data obtained with most quality assessment scales has not been established. This report describes 2 studies designed to investigate the reliability of data obtained with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale developed to rate the quality of RCTs evaluating physical therapist interventions.In the first study, 11 raters independently rated 25 RCTs randomly selected from the PEDro database. In the second study, 2 raters rated 120 RCTs randomly selected from the PEDro database, and disagreements were resolved by a third rater; this generated a set of individual rater and consensus ratings. The process was repeated by independent raters to create a second set of individual and consensus ratings. Reliability of ratings of PEDro scale items was calculated using multirater kappas, and reliability of the total (summed) score was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC [1,1]).The kappa value for each of the 11 items ranged from.36 to.80 for individual assessors and from.50 to.79 for consensus ratings generated by groups of 2 or 3 raters. The ICC for the total score was.56 (95% confidence interval=.47-.65) for ratings by individuals, and the ICC for consensus ratings was.68 (95% confidence interval=.57-.76).The reliability of ratings of PEDro scale items varied from "fair" to "substantial," and the reliability of the total PEDro score was "fair" to "good."
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This paper presents a general statistical methodology for the analysis of multivariate categorical data arising from observer reliability studies. The procedure essentially involves the construction of functions of the observed proportions which are directed at the extent to which the observers agree among themselves and the construction of test statistics for hypotheses involving these functions. Tests for interobserver bias are presented in terms of first-order marginal homogeneity and measures of interobserver agreement are developed as generalized kappa-type statistics. These procedures are illustrated with a clinical diagnosis example from the epidemiological literature.
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Decision makers rely on meta-analytic estimates to trade off benefits and harms. Publication bias impairs the validity and generalizability of such estimates. The performance of various statistical tests for publication bias has been largely compared using simulation studies and has not been systematically evaluated in empirical data.This study compares seven commonly used publication bias tests (i.e., Begg's rank test, trim-and-fill, Egger's, Tang's, Macaskill's, Deeks', and Peters' regression tests) based on 28,655 meta-analyses available in the Cochrane Library.Egger's regression test detected publication bias more frequently than other tests (15.7% in meta-analyses of binary outcomes and 13.5% in meta-analyses of non-binary outcomes). The proportion of statistically significant publication bias tests was greater for larger meta-analyses, especially for Begg's rank test and the trim-and-fill method. The agreement among Tang's, Macaskill's, Deeks', and Peters' regression tests for binary outcomes was moderately strong (most κ's were around 0.6). Tang's and Deeks' tests had fairly similar performance (κ > 0.9). The agreement among Begg's rank test, the trim-and-fill method, and Egger's regression test was weak or moderate (κ < 0.5).Given the relatively low agreement between many publication bias tests, meta-analysts should not rely on a single test and may apply multiple tests with various assumptions. Non-statistical approaches to evaluating publication bias (e.g., searching clinical trials registries, records of drug approving agencies, and scientific conference proceedings) remain essential.
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We study recently developed nonparametric methods for estimating the number of missing studies that might exist in a meta-analysis and the effect that these studies might have had on its outcome. These are simple rank-based data augmentation techniques, which formalize the use of funnel plots. We show that they provide effective and relatively powerful tests for evaluating the existence of such publication bias. After adjusting for missing studies, we find that the point estimate of the overall effect size is approximately correct and coverage of the effect size confidence intervals is substantially improved, in many cases recovering the nominal confidence levels entirely. We illustrate the trim and fill method on existing meta-analyses of studies in clinical trials and psychometrics.
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杨晓妍, 陈晶, 张惠玲, 等. 叙事护理联合有氧-抗阻运动对青少年抑郁症患者抑郁症状及应对方式的影响[J]. 中华全科医学, 2024, 22(11): 1912-1916.
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齐伟伟, 何益群. 运动干预结合常规治疗对青少年抑郁症的疗效研究[J]. 运动与健康, 2024, 3(10): 53-56.
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To determine whether participating in physical activity affects psychological well-being in an adolescent population, 147 adolescents completed self-reports of exercise and psychological stress and well-being. Analysis revealed that those who reported greater physical activity also reported less stress and lower levels of depression. Adolescents who experienced a higher incidence of life events also demonstrated a strong association between stress and anxiety/depression/hostility. To investigate the effects of exercise training on psychological well-being, adolescents were assigned to either high or moderate intensity aerobic training, flexibility training or a control group. The training groups met twice per week for 25-30 min. Aerobic fitness levels, heart rate, blood pressure and self-report of stress and well-being were measured prior to and following 10 weeks of training. Post-training fitness measures confirmed the effectiveness of the high intensity aerobic exercise and between groups differences for physiological and some psychological measures were found. Subjects undergoing high intensity exercise reported significantly less stress than subjects in the remaining three groups. The relationship between stress and anxiety/depression/hostility for the high intensity group was considerably weakened at the end of the training period. For the remaining subjects, however, this relationship was, if anything, strengthened. This experiment provides evidence to suggest that in an adolescent population, high intensity aerobic exercise has positive effects on well-being.
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| [66] |
Community-level action may be required to achieve the levels of sanitation uptake necessary for health gains. Evidence suggests that collective action is influenced by collective efficacy (CE)—a group’s belief in its abilities to organize and execute action to achieve common goals. The extent to which it is necessary to fully contextualize existing CE measurement tools, in order to conduct meaningful assessments of the factors influencing CE perceptions, is not well understood. This study examines the value added of contextualizing an existing CE measurement tool using qualitative formative research. We employed a modified grounded theory approach to develop a contextualized CE framework based on qualitative data from rural Cambodian villages. The resulting framework included sub-constructs that were pertinent for the rural Cambodian context for which an existing, hypothesized framework did not account: perceived risks/benefits, action knowledge, shared needs/benefits, and external accountability. Complex confirmatory factor analyses indicated that contextualized models fit the data better than hypothesized models for women and men. This study demonstrates that inductive, qualitative research allows community-derived factors to enhance existing tools for context-specific CE measurement. Additional research is needed to determine which CE factors transcend contexts and could, thus, form the foundation of a general CE measurement tool.
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| [67] |
An experiment was conducted to determine whether aerobic exercise training or relaxation training would be effective for reducing the deleterious effects of life stress on physical and psychologic health. Over 1000 college students were surveyed, and 55 of those who reported experiencing a high number of negative life events over the preceding year were assigned to an aerobic exercise training condition, a relaxation training condition, or a no-treatment control condition. Physical and psychologic health were assessed with self-report measures before, halfway through, immediately following, and 8 weeks after the 11-week training (and control) period. Heart rate data collected during a treadmill test indicated that the aerobic exercise training was effective for improving cardiovascular fitness. Psychologic measures indicated that the exercise training condition was more effective than the other two conditions for reducing depression during the first 5 weeks of training. No differences were found among the conditions on self-report measures of physical health. These findings suggest that aerobic exercise training may be useful for reducing the severity and duration of depressive reactions following stressful life change.
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| [68] |
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| [69] |
Background: Exercise has been shown to be effective in treating depression, but trials testing the effect of exercise for depressed adolescents utilising mental health services are rare. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a preferred intensity exercise intervention on the depressive symptoms of adolescents with depression. Methods: We randomly assigned 87 adolescents who were receiving treatment for depression to either 12 sessions of aerobic exercise at preferred intensity alongside treatment as usual or treatment as usual only. The primary outcome was depressive symptom change using the Children's Depression Inventory 2nd Version (CDI-2) at post intervention. Secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life and physical activity rates. Outcomes were taken at baseline, post intervention and at six month follow up. Results: CDI-2 score reduction did not differ significantly between groups at post-intervention (est. 95 % CI -6.82, 1.68, p = 0.23). However, there was a difference in CDI-2 score reduction at six month follow-up in favour of the intervention of -4.81 (est. 95 % CI -9.49, -0.12, p = 0.03). Health-related quality of life and physical activity rates did not differ significantly between groups at post-intervention and follow-up. Conclusions: There was no additional effect of preferred intensity exercise alongside treatment as usual on depressive reduction immediately post intervention. However, effects were observed at six months post-intervention, suggesting a delayed response. However, further trials, with larger samples are required to determine the validity of this finding.
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| [70] |
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| [71] |
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| [72] |
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| [73] |
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Objective: To explore the effects of using RPE exercise intensity monitoring methods and 12-week mid- and low-intensity team aerobic training on anxiety, depression and sleep quality of depressed middle school students after the COVID-19 epidemic.
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| [75] |
Regular physical exercise may improve a variety of physiological and psychological factors in depressive persons. However, there is little experimental evidence to support this assumption for adolescent populations. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of physical exercise on depressive state, the excretions of stress hormones and physiological fitness variables in adolescent females with depressive symptoms.Forty-nine female volunteers (aged 18-20 years; mean 18.8 +/- 0.7 years) with mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms, as measured by the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, were randomly assigned to either an exercise regimen or usual daily activities for 8 weeks. The subjects were then crossed over to the alternate regimen for an additional 8-week period. The exercise program consisted of five 50-min sessions per week of a group jogging training at a mild intensity. The variables measured were CES-D rating scale, urinary cortisol and epinephrine levels, and cardiorespiratory factors at rest and during exercise endurance test.After the sessions of exercise the CES-D total depressive score showed a significant decrease, whereas no effect was observed after the period of usual daily activities (ANOVA). Twenty-four hour excretions of cortisol and epinephrine in urine were reduced due to the exercise regimen. The training group had a significantly reduced resting heart rate and increased peak oxygen uptake and lung capacity.The findings of this study suggest that a group jogging exercise may be effective in improving depressive state, hormonal response to stress and physiological fitness of adolescent females with depressive symptoms.
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| [76] |
We conducted a proof-of-concept, randomized, controlled trial to investigate the effects of a supervised exercise therapy intervention on psychopathologic outcomes in obese adolescents.The participant sample consisted of 81 adolescents (age: 11-16 years) who had been referred to a children's hospital for evaluation of obesity or who responded to a community advertisement. Participants were assigned randomly to exercise therapy, an equal-contact exercise placebo intervention, or usual care. Intervention participants attended 3 one-on-one sessions per week for 8 weeks and then completed a home program for another 6 weeks. Outcomes included self-perceptions (self-esteem), depression, affect, physical activity, aerobic fitness, and BMI.A total of 18 of 81 participants were categorized as morbidly obese (BMI SD score: > 3.5; adult equivalent BMI: > or = 40). At baseline, 30.3% of participants had a Children's Depression Inventory score of > or = 13, and 27% reported recent suicidal ideation. Repeated-measures mixed analysis of covariance (controlling for baseline scores) revealed significant changes in physical self-worth, associated measures of self-esteem, and physical activity over time, consistently favoring exercise therapy. There were no significant changes in BMI.Findings confirmed psychopathologic conditions as a serious health concern in obese and morbidly obese adolescents. Our study is the first randomized, controlled trial to demonstrate that a brief supervised exercise therapy intervention has the potential to improve psychopathologic outcomes significantly and to increase physical activity in obese adolescents, relative to usual care.
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| [77] |
To determine the effects of aerobic training, resistance training, and combined training on mood, body image, and self-esteem in adolescents with obesity.After a 4-week prerandomization treatment, 304 postpubertal adolescents (91 males, 213 females) with obesity ages 14-18 years were randomized to 1 of 4 groups for 22 weeks: aerobic training (n = 75), resistance training (n = 78), combined aerobic and resistance training (n = 75), or nonexercising control (n = 76). All participants received dietary counseling, with a daily energy deficit of 250 kcal. Mood was measured using the Brunel Mood Scale. Body image was assessed using the Multiple Body Self-Relations Questionnaire, and physical self-perceptions and global self-esteem were measured using the Harter Physical Self-Perceptions Questionnaire.Median adherence was 62%, 56%, and 64% in aerobic, resistance, and combined training, respectively. Resistance and combined training produced greater improvements than control on vigor, and resistance training reduced depressive symptoms. All groups improved on body image and physical self-perceptions, but combined showed greater increases than control on perceived physical conditioning, while only resistance training showed greater increases than controls on global self-esteem. Both combined and resistance training demonstrated greater increases in perceived strength than control. Psychological benefits were more related to better adherence and reductions in body fat than changes in strength or fitness.Resistance training, alone or in combination with aerobic training, may provide psychological benefits in adolescents with overweight or obesity, and therefore could be an alternative to aerobic training for some individuals in the biological and psychological management of adolescent obesity.(c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).
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| [78] |
Adolescent is a time of profound biologic, intellectual, psychological, and socioeconomic change that they will face a crisis. Therefore, compatibility may be exposed to many hazards, such as depression, anxiety, and other emotional problems. Nevertheless, a planned regular exercise enhances physical and mental health of adolescent female with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise on emotional reactions of female adolescents with type I diabetes.This study was a quasi-experimental research conducted in Endocrine and Metabolism Research Centre. A total of 72 patients were randomly allocated in the two groups. The intervention group did aerobic exercise for 45 minutes, while the control group did not aerobic exercise. Data were collected using a Symptom Checklist (SCL)-90 questionnaire. Data were analyzed and using descriptive and inferential statistics methods and SPSS software.The results showed that the mean score for physical symptoms, depression, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, aggression, phobia, paranoid ideation, psychosis, and anxiety in the test group significantly decreased after intervention than before intervention. The average score in the control group did not differ. The average total score of emotional reactions in the test group after the intervention decreased before the intervention significantly (P = 0.001). However, in the control group, the mean scores did not differ (P = 0.97).The findings showed that regular exercise is effective on affective responses of adolescent females with type I diabetes.
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| [79] |
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| [80] |
\n This preliminary investigation estimated relationships of depression and negative mood with physical activity and self-concept in 9- to 12-yr.-old boys and girls ( n = 49) enrolled in an after-school exercise program for 12 wk. Multiple regression analyses indicated that a significant portion of the variance in scores on the Profile of Mood States subscales, Depression ( R\n 2\n =.55, F = 28.00, p <.01), and Total Mood Disturbance ( R\n 2\n =.40, F = 15.02, p <.01) were accounted for by simultaneously entering self-reported days of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week and Self-description Questionnaire-I–General Self scores into the equation. A significant reduction on Depression within the treatment group and significantly greater reductions on Depression and Total Mood Disturbance for the treatment group compared to a no-exercise program control ( n = 41) was also found. Effect sizes ( ds =.35 to.53) were somewhat lower than reported for most adult samples. Findings supported social cognitive and self-efficacy theory and an association between physical activity and improved mental health in preadolescents.\n
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| [81] |
It is unclear whether different processing methods change the biological functions of foods and how these functions are evaluated in the human body. Here, steamed bread and baked bread, the traditional staple foods in China and many Western countries, were made by steaming and baking, respectively, using one piece of fermented wheat dough and then consumed by 16 healthy young volunteers. By detecting 38 cytokines, 12 metabolic enzymes, glucose, lactate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in the serum, the cytokine network and central metabolic pathway network were investigated to compare the effects of the two staple foods on immunity and metabolism. Compared with steamed bread, baked bread increased (p < 0.05) concentrations of fractalkine and macrophage-derived chemokine, decreased (p < 0.05) the concentration of interleukin-1RA, increased (p < 0.05) the expression level of phosphofructokinase, and decreased (p < 0.05) the expression level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the serum. Two network analyses indicated that baked bread, as compared to the steamed bread, enhanced communication between immune cells, increased catabolism, and decreased anabolism. Further, a correlation analysis of cytokines and metabolic enzymes suggested that the two staple foods may affect metabolism by regulating the secretion of cytokines. These findings highlight how the same raw food material processed by different methods may have different impacts on immunity and metabolism in humans.
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| [82] |
To assess the cost-effectiveness of preferred intensity exercise programme for young people with depression compared with a treatment as usual control group.
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| [83] |
There are limited data available regarding effectiveness of exercise training in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We aimed to investigate effects of multimodal exercise program on clinical status and patient-reported outcomes including pain, fatigue, depression, and quality of life (QOL) level of children and their parents' QOL level. Twenty-six children undergoing HSCT participated in this study. Clinical status, pain, fatigue, depression, and QOL level of children were assessed three times: before HSCT, at discharge, and one month later. For intervention group (IG, = 15), multimodal exercise program was performed five days a week, throughout hospitalization and children were advised to continue exercise program at home. For control group (CG, = 11), being active as much as possible was advised. The number of painful day and pain intensity was significantly lower in IG than in CG during hospitalization (< .05). Depression level decreased in IG at the time points ( ˂ .05); however, there was no significantly difference between groups. The QOL level was higher in IG than CG only at control measurements ( ˂ .05). In addition, QOL level of the parents decreased in both groups ( ˂ .05). There was no statistically difference between groups in terms of other clinical variables. The multimodal supervised exercise program has positive effects on children's pain and QOL level. Exercise program was also well tolerated by children during hospitalization. In addition, QOL levels of the parents were also negatively affected during hospitalization, and interventions aiming to increase QOL level of the parents should be considered.
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| [84] |
Depression is the second most prevalent mental disorder among children and adolescents, yet only a small proportion seek or receive disorder-specific treatment. Physical activity interventions hold promise as an alternative or adjunctive approach to clinical treatment for depression.To determine the association of physical activity interventions with depressive symptoms in children and adolescents.PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to February 2022 for relevant studies written in English, Chinese, or Italian.Two independent researchers selected studies that assessed the effects of physical activity interventions on depressive symptoms in children and adolescents compared with a control condition.A random-effects meta-analysis using Hedges g was performed. Heterogeneity, risk of bias, and publication bias were assessed independently by multiple reviewers. Meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses were conducted to substantiate the overall results. The study followed the PRISMA reporting guideline.The main outcome was depressive symptoms as measured by validated depression scales at postintervention and follow-up.Twenty-one studies involving 2441 participants (1148 [47.0%] boys; 1293 [53.0%] girls; mean [SD] age, 14 [3] years) were included. Meta-analysis of the postintervention differences revealed that physical activity interventions were associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms compared with the control condition (g = -0.29; 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.10; P = .004). Analysis of the follow-up outcomes in 4 studies revealed no differences between the physical activity and control groups (g = -0.39; 95% CI, -1.01 to 0.24; P = .14). Moderate study heterogeneity was detected (Q = 53.92; df = 20; P < .001; I2 = 62.9% [95% CI, 40.7%-76.8%]). The primary moderator analysis accounting for total physical activity volume, study design, participant health status, and allocation and/or assessment concealment did not moderate the main treatment effect. Secondary analyses demonstrated that intervention (ie, <12 weeks in duration, 3 times per week, unsupervised) and participant characteristics (ie, aged ≥13 years, with a mental illness and/or depression diagnosis) may influence the overall treatment effect.Physical activity interventions may be used to reduce depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Greater reductions in depressive symptoms were derived from participants older than 13 years and with a mental illness and/or depression diagnosis. The association with physical activity parameters such as frequency, duration, and supervision of the sessions remains unclear and needs further investigation.
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| [85] |
Physical exercise is a potential intervention for enhancing cognitive function across the lifespan. However, while studies employing long-term exercise interventions consistently show positive effects on cognition, studies using single acute bouts have produced mixed results. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the impact of acute exercise on cognitive task performance in healthy young adults. A Bayesian hierarchical model quantified probabilistic evidence for a modulatory relationship by synthesizing 651 effect sizes from 113 studies from PsychInfo and Google Scholar representing 4,390 participants. Publication bias was mitigated using the trim-and-fill method. Acute exercise was found to have a small beneficial effect on cognition (g = 0.13 ± 0.04; BF = 3.67) and decrease reaction time. A meta-analysis restricted to executive function tasks revealed improvements in working memory and inhibition. Meta-analytic estimates were consistent across multiple priors and likelihood functions. Physical activities were categorized based on exercise type (e.g., cycling) because many activities have aerobic and anaerobic components, but this approach may limit comparison to studies that categorize activities based on metabolic demands. The current study provides an updated synthesis of the existing literature and insights into the robustness of acute exercise-induced effects on cognition. Funding provided by the United States Army Research Office.© 2024. The Author(s).
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| [86] |
Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| [88] |
晏宁, 郭璐, 李英, 等. 运动行为改变心理前因的扩展:从熟虑到冲动,从认知到情感[J]. 北京体育大学学报, 2022, 45(11): 1-11.
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To describe new WHO 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.
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| [90] |
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| [91] |
To estimate the efficacy of exercise on depressive symptoms compared with non-active control groups and to determine the moderating effects of exercise on depression and the presence of publication bias.
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| [92] |
Physical activity can improve cognitive and mental health, but the underlying mechanisms have not been established.
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| [93] |
The evidence supporting the many beneficial effects of physical activity, including exercise, is overwhelming. This has led to numerous publications, statements, and position stands providing evidence-based recommendations to realize the performance-enhancing and therapeutic benefits of exercise. However, one factor hampering research and limiting the adoption of these recommendations is the inconsistent use of terminology associated with different exercise intensities. The goal of this international group of researchers and practitioners, therefore, was to propose standardized physical activity and exercise intensity terminology that has utility across all ages, sexes, genders, physical abilities, conditions, applications, and activities. After much discussion, we propose a standard terminology for physical activity, exercise, and sport and human performance comprising five exercise intensities: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. We also propose five different descriptors for the perception of effort that align with the five intensities we have suggested: very easy, easy, somewhat hard, hard, and very hard. To enable consistent use of these descriptors with both cardiorespiratory and resistance exercise, we suggest not using descriptors such as light, heavy, weak, or strong (which might be perceived as only being applicable to describing load). We appreciate that some fields have long-established terminology and may be reluctant to change. Nonetheless, at a minimum, the terminology proposed here allows for more clarity when comparing the different exercise intensity descriptors currently used by different fields. Finally, we hope this will be an important “first step” in harmonizing the descriptions of exercise intensity across the fields of physical activity for public health, exercise science, and sport science.
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