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赵毅(1979—),男,博士,教授,研究方向为体育法学、民商法学。E-mail:xiaozhaoleon2006@163.com。 |
收稿日期: 2026-04-22
网络出版日期: 2026-08-26
基金资助
国家社会科学基金一般项目(24BTY055)
The Normative Construction of Safety Guarantee Obligations for Mass Participation Sports Events in the Context of the Revision of the Regulations on National Fitness
Received date: 2026-04-22
Online published: 2026-08-26
群众性体育赛事快速发展使赛事安全风险结构发生显著变化。现行《民法典》《体育法》与《体育赛事活动管理办法》虽已提供基本规范依据,但在义务主体识别、义务内容分层和责任配置上仍缺少稳定的中层规范。对裁判文书的考察可以发现,司法实践已形成实质控制、风险差异和责任分担等有益经验,但尚未转化为统一规则。《全民健身条例》修订应以此为契机,围绕群众性体育赛事安全保障义务建立类型化规范:在监管上,以赛事风险匹配监管等级;在主体上,以实际风险控制能力识别核心组织者、辅助参与者和场地管理者;在内容上,按照赛事风险等级配置风险评估、风险告知、医疗救助、应急处置和赛事熔断等义务;在责任上,区分多主体办赛、第三人致损和赛事固有风险,防止安全保障义务异化为结果兜底责任。
赵毅 , 储贝贝 . 《全民健身条例》修订背景下群众性体育赛事安全保障义务的规范构造[J]. 首都体育学院学报, 2026 , 38(4) : 383 -393 . DOI: 10.14036/j.cnki.cn11-4513.2026.04.004
The rapid development of mass participation sports events has significantly changed the structure of safety risks in such events. Although the Civil Code, the Sports Law, and the Measures for the Administration of Sports Events have provided basic normative foundations, stable sub-statutory rules are still lacking in terms of identifying duty bearers, differentiating the content of obligations, and allocating liability. An examination of judicial decisions shows that judicial practice has accumulated useful experience concerning substantive control, risk differentiation, and liability allocation, yet such experience has not been transformed into unified rules. The revision of the Regulations on National Fitness should take this as an opportunity to establish type-specific rules governing safety guarantee obligations in mass participation sports events. In terms of regulation, the level of supervision should correspond to the risk level of the event. In terms of duty bearers, core organizers, auxiliary participants, and venue managers should be identified according to their actual capacity to control risks. In terms of the content of obligations, duties such as risk assessment, risk notification, medical assistance, emergency response, and event suspension should be allocated according to the risk level of the event. In terms of liability, distinctions should be made between liability in events organized by multiple entities, liability for harm caused by third parties, and liability arising from the inherent risks of sports events, so as to prevent safety guarantee obligations from being transformed into liability for all adverse outcomes.
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