Textbook Illustrations are the second language that complements the textual content, and it is an important medium to realize the same direction of subject teaching and ideological and political education. From the point of view of curriculum-based ideological and political education, the illustrations in the student book for junior high school Physical Education and Health courses serve as effective vehicles for shaping junior high school students’ values, facilitating the acquisition of motor skills, expressing promoting sportsmanship, and fostering healthy lifestyles. However, the current illustration design of the student books for the junior high school Physical Education and Health course has the problems of inaccurate grasp of students’ physical and mental characteristics, rigid integration of ideological and political elements, limited exploration of excellent traditional Chinese sports culture, and the lack of interactive experience design, which is attributed to the fact that the illustration design concepts need to be updated, the illustration creation mechanism is inadequate, the necessary resources invested in illustration creation are insufficient, and the degree of application of digital illustration technology is relatively low. Accordingly, the following improvement paths are proposed: 1) to further promote the effective combination and optimization of textbook illustrations; 2) to construct scientific and reasonable evaluation standards for textbook illustrations; 3) to promote the use of digital illustration technology; 4) to form a multi-party textbook illustration creation team; and 5) to build and use a resource-sharing platform for textbook illustrations.