The existing Regulations on National Fitness have become increasingly inadequate to meet the evolving demands of the new era, particularly in promoting the deep integration of national fitness and public health initiatives, as well as advancing the national strategies of building a leading sporting nation and implementing the Healthy China agenda. In 2023, the Draft Amendment to Regulations on National Fitness was released for public consultation. Aligning with the newly revised Sports Law of the People’s Republic of China and relevant national development strategies, the draft introduces two new chapters, namely “Public Services” and “Supervision and Administration,” clarifies the respective responsibilities of government, society, and market actors, and strengthens sports event regulation, facility safeguards, and legal liability provisions.. This article examines the necessity of revising the Regulations from multiple perspectives, including constitutional implementation, alignment with higher-level laws, protection of citizens’rights, social governance, and regulation of emerging business models. It further provides a systematic analysis of the institutional innovations and core provisions embodied in the draft revision. In response to existing deficiencies relating to conceptual clarification, the integration of sports and healthcare, digital governance, and legislative coordination, the article proposes corresponding improvement measures. The ultimate objective is to facilitate the transformation of national fitness governance from comprehensive coverage to high-quality development and to reinforce the institutional foundations for the advancement of the rule of law in Chinese sports and public health undertakings.