The rapid development of mass participation sports events has significantly changed the structure of safety risks in such events. Although the Civil Code, the Sports Law, and the Measures for the Administration of Sports Events have provided basic normative foundations, stable sub-statutory rules are still lacking in terms of identifying duty bearers, differentiating the content of obligations, and allocating liability. An examination of judicial decisions shows that judicial practice has accumulated useful experience concerning substantive control, risk differentiation, and liability allocation, yet such experience has not been transformed into unified rules. The revision of the Regulations on National Fitness should take this as an opportunity to establish type-specific rules governing safety guarantee obligations in mass participation sports events. In terms of regulation, the level of supervision should correspond to the risk level of the event. In terms of duty bearers, core organizers, auxiliary participants, and venue managers should be identified according to their actual capacity to control risks. In terms of the content of obligations, duties such as risk assessment, risk notification, medical assistance, emergency response, and event suspension should be allocated according to the risk level of the event. In terms of liability, distinctions should be made between liability in events organized by multiple entities, liability for harm caused by third parties, and liability arising from the inherent risks of sports events, so as to prevent safety guarantee obligations from being transformed into liability for all adverse outcomes.