A comprehensive and objective understanding of the potential benefits and possible costs of hosting large-scale events is a prerequisite for improving their effectiveness. Taking the Olympic Games as an example, this study employs methods such as literature review, comparative research, case studies, and logical analysis to deconstruct the cost composition and revenue sources of large-scale events in detail. It also examines the potential positive and negative impacts of such events on host locations from dimensions such as facility legacy and regional renewal, providing theoretical references for the bidding and hosting of major sports events. Results indicate that, from an economic perspective, hosting large-scale events generally requires subsidies from public funds, and their economic benefits are not significant. In terms of sports facility legacy, regional renewal, enhancement of the host's image, psychic income as well as sports development, opportunities and challenges coexist. It is suggested that scie.jpgic evaluation is essential for sports events selection and bidding decision; emphasis should be placed on costs and benefits sharing mechanism during the negotiation between host city and event owners; and strategic planning and active leverage is key to maximizing the benefits while reducing costs and risks of hosting major sporting events.
The construction of a sports event system with Chinese characteristics is in line with the basic positioning of the strategy of building a strong sports nation, and is of great significance for leading the development of competitive sports events, meeting the sports needs of the people, promoting youth sports health, and promoting the promotion of excellent traditional Chinese sports culture. Research suggests that the Chinese characteristic sports event system is constructed by two major systems: the category system and the composition system. Among them, the category system involves the competitive sports event system, the mass sports event system, and the youth sports event system; The composition system involves hierarchical system, organizational management system, market system, and guarantee system. On this basis, a collaborative mechanism for building a sports event system with Chinese characteristics will be constructed around five dimensions: goals, resources, information, feedback, and configuration. Based on this, an innovative path is proposed: further clarifying the functional positioning of the competitive sports event system and enhancing its value leading role; Optimize the supply of mass sports event services and promote the universal sharing of mass sports event services; Establishing a talent training chain that connects the youth sports event system and improving the mechanism for deep integration of sports and education; Improve the mechanism of hierarchical coordination and resource integration, and enhance the adaptability between the levels of the sports event system; Establish a list of responsibilities for the organizational management system and build a collaborative governance model for diverse social units; Differentiated development of the commercial value of sports events, enhancing the overall value of sports events; Optimize institutional safeguards and long-term mechanisms to form a sustainable sports event system.
During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to systematically construct the currently thriving rural sports events. This study employs methods such as literature review, expert interviews, and field investigations to elucidate the fundamental concepts and main connotations of China’s rural sports event system. Based on this, it categorizes the events into two major project systems from the perspective of event content: ethnic traditional sports events and outdoor sports events. From the perspective of event structure, they are divided into a vertically and horizontally interconnected classification system. From the operational level, an organizational management system is proposed, including event support systems, marketing systems, environmental systems, and supervision systems. Finally, it is argued that the construction approach should properly handle the two pairs of relationships-development and protection, as well as inheritance and innovation-scie.jpgically coordinate the three major entities (government, market, and society), and strictly adhere to four fundamental principles: balancing comprehensiveness and diversity, embodying tradition and foresight, maintaining categorization and integration, and harmonizing competition and entertainment. This will inject stronger sports momentum into the modernization of agriculture and rural areas during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.
The economic value realization of rural sports events is an important topic in the role of sports in the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. Using grounded theory, with the main case of “Village BA” in Taipan Village and auxiliary cases such as“Village Super League” in RongJiang County, in-depth interviews with 31 stakeholders were conducted to explore the intrinsic mechanisms of the economic value realization of rural sports events. A“resource endowment-value creation-value realization” chain transformation structure was constructed. The analysis revealed that resource endowment includes three dimensions: sports resources, cultural resources, and ecological resources. The value creation mechanism encompasses six aspects: value recognition, symbolization, branding, productization, service orientation, and resource integration. The value realization mechanism includes five stages: market operation, traffic conversion, industrial integration, and profit distribution and value enhancement. The collaborative governance mechanism encompasses five components: villager self-governance, local government services, enterprise participation, social forces coordination, and sustainable development. It runs through the entire value transformation process and provides institutional guarantees. Based on the Resource-Based View theory, the study conceptualizes this value realization process as a “resource-asset-capital” transformation model, revealing the internal logic of how rural sports events realize value transformation through the combination of heterogeneous resources and organizational capabilities. Based on this, practical pathways are proposed in four areas: ide.jpgying and activating resource endowments, collaboratively advancing value creation, leveraging the role of the masses, and focusing on sustainable development.
The Chinese Basketball Events System serves as a crucial vehicle and key instrument for the high-quality development of Chinese basketball. Its sound operation and coordinated development stand as important indicators for the revitalization of the football, basketball and volleyball, and the construction of a leading sports nation. Using literature review and logical analysis, this study examines the developmental trajectory, functional orientations, and practical challenges of Chinese basketball events since the founding of the Communist Party of China, analyzes current structural deficiencies, and proposes improvement strategies suited to emerging trends. The research ide.jpgies five developmental stages: the embryonic stage and team establishment, initial development and temporary suspension, restoration and system reconstruction, exploration of professionalization and preliminary system formation, and structural optimization and global alignment. Functionally, the system has evolved through distinct phases，includingserving wartime needs and uniting military-civilian sectors, fostering national identity and cultural development, facilitating international exchange and diplomatic engagement, highlighting economic functions and promoting national fitness, and supporting comprehensive social development and diversified demands. Meanwhile, the study finds that China's current basketball event system is confronted with such practical challenges as insufficient horizontal coordination mechanisms, missing key structural elements, inadequate vertical talent mobility channels, and lagging domestic and international exchange mechanisms. To meet comprehensive societal demands and adapt to future development trends, this paper proposes the following optimization pathways, as integrating competition classification and accreditation with multi-system tournament structures, expanding regional events and optimizing competition hierarchies, restructuring talent mobility and advancement channels, and strengthening international exchange mechanisms while fostering innovation in local basketball culture.
Promoting the high-quality development of youth sports is a foundational project for accelerating the construction of a strong sports nation, a robust education system, and a Healthy China, as well as a crucial pillar in achieving the strategic goal of national rejuvenation. From a systems theory perspective, an “element-structure-function” analytical framework reveals that the high-quality development of youth sports is a dynamic evolutionary process characterized by optimized resource allocation, efficient structural operation, and enhanced functional performance. The study ide.jpgies systemic challenges in China’s current youth sports development: at the element level, imbalanced resource allocation in human, material, financial, and knowledge-skill resources; at the structural level, bottlenecks such as fragmented policy implementation, superficial integration of sports and education, weak coordination among diverse stakeholders, and a lack of scie.jpgic evaluation systems; and at the functional level, constrained individual competence enhancement, biased social value perception, and inadequate training of national reserve talents, all leading to overall efficacy decline. To address these issues, breakthrough pathways are proposed, including optimizing resource allocation to strengthen the foundation of system development, innovating structural coordination mechanisms to enhance operational efficiency, and reinforcing functional value realization to unleash the system’s overall efficacy.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the differences in brain activation and neurovascular coupling induced by three learning strategies-action observation, motor imagery, and action performance-during the acquisition of basketball shooting skills. Methods: A single-factor experimental design was employed. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) and electroencephalography(EEG) were used to analyze changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration and alpha wave power in 35 participants while they applied the three learning strategies(action observation, motor imagery, and action performance) during a basketball shooting learning task. Results: 1) The action performance strategy activated the most extensive brain regions, particularly the left primary motor cortex, bilateral somatosensory association cortex, and right frontopolar area, with significantly greater hemodynamic responses compared to action observation and motor imagery. 2) The action observation strategy elicited significantly greater activation in the left frontopolar area and primary motor cortex than motor imagery; whereas motor imagery only significantly activated the right orbitofrontal gyrus. 3) Functional connectivity analysis revealed that the action performance group exhibited significantly stronger functional connectivity than the action observation group in the right somatosensory association cortex-orbitofrontal gyrus, primary motor cortex-left frontopolar area, and orbitofrontal gyrus-frontopolar area connections. 4) EEG analysis showed that the action observation group had significantly higher alpha wave power in the bilateral frontal lobes compared to the other two groups. 5) Neurovascular coupling analysis indicated that the action performance strategy elicited the most pronounced coupling between neuronal activity and hemodynamic responses in the parietal and frontal lobes. Conclusion: 1) The action performance learning strategy deeply engages the closed-loop process of motor execution by extensively activating the motor cortex, somatosensory areas, and forming efficient synergies with the prefrontal cortical network. 2) Action observation and motor imagery rely on distinct neural pathways. 3) The neural correlates of motor skill learning strategies exhibit both commonalities and specificities at the levels of motor perception and motor execution.
With the development of New Quality Productivity, the sports industry in the Pearl River Delta has ushered in new opportunities for development, and also faces new challenges. In this context, it is necessary to explore the symbiotic mechanism and mutual promotion paths between New Quality Productivity and the sports industry in the Pearl River Delta. An analysis of their interaction demonstrates the importance of resource sharing, technological cooperation and talent cultivation. From the analysis results, it is found that there is an internal relationship between New Quality Productivity and the sports industry in the Pearl River Delta, including resource sharing and mutual benefit, promoting technology transfer and innovative cooperation, which constitutes the basic condition for the formation of symbiotic mechanism. The mutual promotion pathsare based on policy support and government guidance, the construction of industrial alliances, the cooperation between scie.jpgic research institutions and enterprises, and the optimization of talent training and introduction mechanism.
Objective: To investigate the effects of micro hyperbaric oxygen intervention on physiological recovery and subsequent anaerobic performance after high-intensity exercise. Methods: A randomized crossover design was used to conduct two intervention experiments in 11 participants, with a one-week washout period set between experiments to minimize potential carryovereffects from the previous intervention. During the experimental period, participants completed two Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnT 1 and 2) with a 60minute interval between tests. During this interval, they were randomly assigned to receive either normobaricnormoxia (NN: 1.0 ATA, 20.93% O2) or microhyperbaric oxygen (MH: 1.3 ATA, 40% O2) for 60 minutes. Following each WAnT, peak power (PP), mean power (PM), maximal heart rate (HRmax), peak blood lactate concentration (BLapeak), percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and ratings of perceived exertionwere recorded. Throughout the intervention, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), and SpO2 were measured every 10 minutes. Additionally, at the end of the intervention, the perceived recovery (PR) scale was used to assess the physiological recovery status. The experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD), and the paired-samples t-test was used to compare within-group differences. Temporal variations in physiological parameters during the intervention were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA (condition × time), and the statistical significance level was set at p< 0.05. Results: 1) Under normobaricnormoxic conditions, the mean power output during the second Wingate anaerobic test was significantly lower than that during the first Wingate test (p< 0.05, d = 0.51); 2) under micro-hyperbaric oxygen conditions, no significant difference in mean power output was observed between the two Wingate anaerobic tests (p = 0.83); 3) blood lactate concentration and percutaneous arterialoxygen saturation differed significantly between the micro-hyperbaric oxygen and normobaricnormoxic conditions following the intervention (p< 0.05); and 4) the rating of perceived fatigue was significantly lower under the micro-hyperbaric oxygen condition than under the normobaricnormoxic condition (p< 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed in post-exercise maximal heart rate or heart rate during the intervention between the two conditions (p> 0.05).Conclusion: Micro-hyperbaric oxygen intervention following high-intensity exerciseaccelerate blood lactate clearance, increasepercutaneous arterial oxygen saturation, andeffectively alleviate subjective fatigue, thereby facilitatingphysiological recovery and helping maintain subsequent anaerobic performance.
Circadian rhythms exert a potential and non-negligible effect on athletes' competitive performance.. Understanding the mechanisms underlying circadian regulation and formulating corresponding regulation strategies are critical for optimizing training quality and athletic outcomes. This study systematically expounds the mechanism by which circadian rhythms regulate athletic performance, for example, circadian rhythms exert a potential impact on athletic performance by affecting the fluctuations of body temperature, metabolism and neuromuscular function, regulating alertness, attention and cognitive function, influencing subjective fatigue, and affecting the adaptability to cross-time zone competitions. Accordingly, the following pre-competition optimization strategies are proposed: (1) To optimize training effects, factors such as age, gender, genetics and birth season should be comprehensively considered; training schedules should be matched with the peak period of physiological rhythms as precisely as possible, while taking into account the interactive effects of cognitive function fluctuations and circadian rhythm sensitivity. (2) For cross-time zone competitions before the game, a systematic pre-competition competitive state adjustment plan should be formulated, including travel process management, post-arrival adaptation and personalized intervention; body temperature regulation methods should be fully utilized to alleviate the negative effects of circadian rhythms and promote peak performance; wearable devices can be combined with a.jpgicial intelligence to monitor and analyze athletes' athletic performance, grasp the law of circadian rhythms affecting athletic performance, and realize dynamic assessment and precise regulation of circadian rhythm adaptability. Future research should deepen the application of biological monitoring technology and mathematical models in the monitoring of athletes' circadian rhythm adaptability changes and body temperature, so as to improve the refinement of personalized programs.
