In February 2025, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission issued Several Measures for Further Strengthening Physical Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in the New Era (abbreviated as the “Beijing’s Eight Measures”), which has attracted considerable attention across educational communities in Beijing and nationwide due to its innovative contents and methods, exerting an important impact on the reform and development of physical education in primary and secondary schools in Beijing. In the process of implementing the“Eight Beijing Measures”, primary and secondary schools in Beijing are encountering new challenges, while simultaneously discovering emerging opportunities. It is imperative to grasp the characteristics and significance of these measures to progressively advance into a new phase of physical education. This policy document addresses existing weaknesses in school physical education in response to the requirements of Education Power Strategy. It is one of national leading significance, combining for ward-looking and advanced concepts. Among them, the “intangible measures” that combine tangible and intangible approaches need to be further detailed through teaching reform practices. During implementation, it is necessary to balance the inherent tensions with traditional examination-oriented approaches, raise professional standards and competency expectations for physical education teachers, demand greater creativity and innovation from educators, transcend the boundaries of schools to enhance home-school-community sports integration, systematically promote reforms in school physical education, and possess continuously evolving and enriching content. This study identifies ten main reform directions outlined by the “Beijing’s Eight Measures,”namely, “increasing time allocation”, “enriching curricular content”, “engaging all students” “enhancing quality”, “pursuing precision”, “forming partnerships”, “stimulating motivation”, “optimizing resource utilization”,“improving management”, and “pioneering innovation”. Nevertheless, each of these directions faces particular practical implementation dilemmas, for which targeted countermeasures have been proposed.
Addressing the challenge of quality and balanced development of physical education in primary and secondary schools and effectively improving students’physical fitness are central issues in the ongoing reform of physical education in China. Employing literature review, logical analysis, and textual analysis methods, this paper takes the policy of the“Several Measures on Further Strengthening Physical Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in the New Era”as the entry point, and systematically reviews the progress, problems, and development of physical education in Chinese primary and secondary schools in recent years. The findings indicate that China’s school physical education has seen continuous improvement in top-level design, strengthened school conditions and teaching staff, ongoing curriculum reform and sports activities, steady enhancement of students’physical fitness, and increasing integration of sports and education as well as improved home-school-community collaboration mechanisms. However, prominent challenges remain, such as regional disparities, inadequate implementation of the“health first” concept, insufficient guarantee of physical activity time, lack of diversification in teaching content, weak enforcement and insufficient traction in school sports evaluation, and limited effectiveness of home-school-community collaboration. Moving forward, it is recommended to fully implement student physical fitness enhancement programs, gradually increase physical activity time, improve the quality and effectiveness of physical activity, widely organize sports events, enhance physical fitness monitoring and evaluation, and strengthen the supportive resource for physical education in schools.
The development of youth sports is crucial to the construction of an education powerhouse, a sports powerhouse, and a Healthy China, and has long been a priority for the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government. Based on policies issued since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to strengthen youth sports and guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on sports, this study analyzes the contemporary demands for high-quality development of youth sports in China from four dimensions: systematic planning, integration of sports and education, innovation-driven approaches, and enhancement of sports literacy. The research identifies persistent challenges in China’s youth sports development: 1) Inadequate implementation efficiency of school sports policies, weak improvement in teaching quality, incomplete safety mechanisms, and insufficient foundational role of school sports; 2) Persistent conflicts between academic and athletic training, insufficient integration of competitions, poor coordination in cultivating competitive reserve talents, and incomplete integration of sports and education; 3) Lack of family participation in collaborative governance, limited coordination capacity of sports social organizations, and low effectiveness of collaborative governance; 4) Uneven resource allocation and regional disparities in youth sports development between urban and rural areas. The study proposes strategies to address these issues: strengthening the educational function of school sports to consolidate the foundation of youth sports development; deepening the integration of sports and education to establish a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance mechanism; and developing new quality productive forces to empower high-quality youth sports development through technological innovation.
The effective synergy of multiple subjects is an important way to promote the high-quality development of youth sports. By using the method of literature, comparative analysis and logic analysis, this paper explores multi-subject cooperation in promoting high-quality development of youth sports. It find that, a youth sports multiple participants development is a multi-participation pattern, a stable cooperation relationship, a good cooperation order and a systematic development synergy. Scientific positioning and labor division, effective resource allocation, and reasonable benefit distribution are keys to realizing effective collaboration among multiple subjects. Predicament of multi-subject coordinated development include institutional mechanisms for collaboration are not sound, relationships in collaboration are loose and conditions for collaboration need to be optimized. The influencing factors include: differentiated goals and demands make it difficult to establish a collaborative mechanism, the path dependence of the development subjects leads to poor sustainability, dual lack of organizational self-improvement and external incentives makes it hard to form a collaborative pattern, and insufficient policies led a low sustainability of coordinated development of multiple subjects. We should optimize top-level design of effective cooperation, clarify youth sports functions of each subject, build a collaboration and interaction platform, promote development capabilities of each subjects, and improve legal system for youth sports to optimize the collaborative level of multiple subjects in the development of youth sports
Adolescent health promotion is an important national strategy, which concerns the quality of future human capital and the sustainable development of society. At present, Chinese adolescents face multiple health risks and challenges, reflecting deficiencies in the current health governance model in terms of governance mechanisms, resource allocation, and behavioral guidance. Taking Social Action Theory as the analytical framework, this study focuses on the functional logic and practical mechanisms of PE-health integration in adolescent health promotion, and clarifies its key elements and their interrelationships. In view of the practical problems still facing PE-health integration, such as underdeveloped interdepartmental coordination mechanisms, an unclear health goal system, mismatches between the supply and demand of resources and services, and weak support from health culture. It is necessary to promote the transformation of PE-health integration from concept to practice, it requires improving the collaborative action system among multiple actors to enhance system integration efficiency; establishing a progressive health goal system to ensure the continuity and tiered development of goal guidance; increasing the efficiency of resource allocation and the quality of service provision to enhance supply-demand alignment; and accelerating the practical transformation of health knowledge and culture to improve adolescents’health cognition and behavioral capacity.
The new liberal arts initiative poses new demands for the cultivating talents in international Wushu promotion. By using the methods of literature study and logical analysis, this paper studies the cultivation mode of Wushu international promotion talents at Capital University of Physical Education and Sports(CUPES). The research holds that under the background of new liberal arts initiative, the cultivation of Wushu international promotion talents should take the initiative to undertake the new historical mission, actively respond to the changes in scientific and technological means, ground themselves in the Sinicization of Wushu international promotion and continue to promote the internationalization of talent cultivation for Wushu promotion. CUPES has built a new cultivation system integrating Chinese and foreign theoretical frameworks for Wushu international promotion talent development, implementing the philosophy of integrating training for domestic and international students, parallel practice and interships in domestic and overseas settings, and integrating domestic educational platform with foreign teaching resources; through the innovative models of “Five Integrations”and “Three Inclusions”, the university has pioneered a new paradigm for cultivating compound talents. Additionally, it has developed a three-dimensional and comprehensive social practice education pathway featuring “campus resources+off-campus resources” and “domestic social practice platforms+overseas social practice platforms”.
The study employs the literature reseach method, mathematical statistics method, and logical analysis method, to review the evolutionary process of undergraduate program setup in sports disciplines in China's private colleges, and to analyze its epochal characteristics and future trends. The findings indicate that since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the development of undergraduate programs in sport disciplines in China's private colleges can be divided into four phases: the embryonic period, the slow development period, the initial standardization period, and the deepening and improvement period. These phases are characterized by a continuous increase in the number of program offerings, a convergence in program structures, and an unbalanced distribution of disciplinary structures across different types of colleges. In the context of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, the setting of undergraduate sports disciplines in China's private colleges will exhibit the following trends: 1) the number of emerging undergraduate majors will increase, and cross-discipinary undergraduate programs will emerge; 2) undergraduate sports majors will be established by integrating regional advantages and meet the industrial demands; 3) the characteristics of internationalized education will be highlighted.
Using 44 representative sports enterprises listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets from 2011 to 2022 as the data sample, a spatial difference-in-differences model was employed to analyze the relationship between the “National Sports Consumption Pilot Cities” policy and the level of new quality productive forces in sports enterprises..The empirical results reveal that, the policy helps sports enterprises in pilot cities increase their new-quality productive forces by 2.00%, and it not only affects sports enterprises in pilot cities but also those in neighboring cities; this correlation remains valid after placebo tests and robustness tests. Enterprise digital innovation serves as a partial mediator, accounting for 35.5% in this correlation. Under the influence of this policy, the new-quality productivity of sample enterprises has diffused from China's southeastern coastal areas to the western and northern regions, with an increasingly expanding geographical distribution range. These findings not only deepen understanding of new-quality productivity of sports enterprises, but also provide a basis for expanding the implementation scope of the “National Sports Comsumption Pilot Cities” policy and offer references for sports enterprises to enhance their market competitiveness.
Ice and snow tourism has increasingly influenced regional economic development and the global tourism market, but research on ice and snow tourism exhibits a generalized characteristic, warranting attention. Relevant literature was retrieved from commonly used Chinese and foreign literature databases, and the methods such as bibliometrics were employed to analyze the selected documents. Following a logical progression of "concept identification -feature summarization-context tracing-framework construction-proposal of future directions", the analysis and review encompassed the concept ice-snow tourism, the evolution of ice-snow tourism research, and key reseach themes. A theory-Antecedents-Behavior-Consequences (TABC) integration framework was constructed. It is found that the research on ice and snow tourism at home and abroad has shown steady growth, and the themes that foreign scholars focus on are stimulating tourism demand, global climate change, and sustainable development of the industry, while the content of domestic scholars' research reflects the evolution of resource development, industrial integration and industrial upgrading. Foreign research is influenced by industrial practice and tourists' behavior, and is dominated by quantitative research and case studies; domestic research is influenced by policy stimulation and tournament drive, and the research trend gradually shifts from macro perspective to micro exploration. Finally, the future research directions are proposed concerning theme expansion, theoretical integration and methodological innovation of ice and snow tourism, aiming to advance the construction of its theoretical system.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of mental fatigue (MF) on football players’aerobic endurance performance in 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT). Methods：A randomized crossover controlled trial was employed. Twenty-two male amateur football players participated in a 45 min Stroop task (MF induction, experimental group) and emotionally neutral video viewing (control treatment, control group) in randomly, counter-balanced order with washout period ≥48 h. After each task, participants performed 30-15 IFT test for aerobic endurance performance assessment. The primary recorded data includes visual analogue scale for mental fatigue (VAS-MF) and motivation (VAS-MO), Brunel Mood Scale Fatigue (BRUMS-F)and Brunel Mood Scale Vigor (BRUMS-V) before and after the task, average heart rate（HRave）during the task, visual analogue scale for mental exertion (VAS-ME) after the task, as well as rating of perceived exertion(RPE), HRave, and peak heart rate (HRpeak) during the 30-15IFT test. Statistical analysis was mainly conducted using paired-sample t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA. Results：No significant between-group differences were observed in any baseline measures prior to task execution(all p> 0.05). During the task, the EG showed significantly different HRave values(p=0.031). Post-task assessments revealed significant differences in VAS-MF(p< 0.001), VAS-ME (p< 0.001), and BRUMS-F (p=0.027).The EG demonstrated significantly lower exhaustion time, exhaustion speed, and maximal oxygen uptake in the 30-15IFT compared to CG (TTE：p=0.034；VIFT：p=0.03；Vmax（O2）：p=0.029). There was no significant difference in motivation level between EG and CG before 30-15IFT. The main effect of mental fatigue induction time was significant on both heart rate and RPE. Additionally, the main effect of mental fatigue intervention type significantly influenced RPE. Both EG and CG exhibited an increase in RPE as mental fatigue induction time prolonged (p< 0.001). Conclusion：MF impairs aerobic endurance performance of 30-15IFT in male amateur football players.
Objective: To provide theoretical basis for our country to perfect the training and preparation strategies of biathlon. Methods: Literature research method, comparative analysis method, mathematical statistics method. Results: 1) The sample athletes from Norway, France, and Germany achieved better results in the long-distance races of the IBU Cup Series than those from other countries; 2) The Chinese sample athletes' Cross-Country Skiing speed maintenance and sprinting ability were lower than those of foreign sample athletes, and the shooting hit rate was low, the shooting area stayed for a long time, and the shooting rhythm was unstable； 3) The Chinese and foreign sample athletes had similarities in body shape, but there were certain differences in body fat rate and defatted body weight; 4) There were obvious differences in body shape, physiological function and sports quality between Chinese and foreign sample athletes;5) The focus of psychological monitoring of biathlon athletes in China and foreign countries is different, but there are differences in evaluation methods; 6) Chinese sample athletes place more emphasis on shooting training in the basic consolidation stage, and the training plans of foreign sample athletes place more emphasis on training with competition.Conclusion: 1) We can learn from the beneficial experience of Norway, France and Germany in the selection of reserve talents for biathlon, training methods and means, and international cooperation. 2) The biathlon athletes in our country should make up for the shortboard of skiing ability, improve aerobic endurance, strengthen the special project technology of conversion area, and improve shooting accuracy. 3) Our country's biathlon athletes should deal with the physical morphological characteristics of world-class biathlon athletes in foreign countries, starting from sports nutrition, strengthening muscle function training, grasping the special project characteristics of biathlon, adjusting physical training, and strengthening shooting psychological training intervention.In addition, our country should improve the physical fitness monitoring system of biathlon athletes and the psychological monitoring means of biathlon athletes.
